Resume Kelompok 3

 

Definition Morphology

Morphology is Greek and is a makeup of Morph is “shape, form’ and –ology which mean is “the study of something”. Morphemes are the smallest meaning unit of language. According to Oxford dictionary Morphology is the form of words, studied as branch of linguistic. According to Oxford dictionary Morphology is the form of words, studied as branch of linguistic. Therefore, according to us Morphology is the study of linguistic that learns about forms and morpheme.

 

Purpose Morphology

Morphological research aims to describe and explain the morphological patterns of human languages. It is useful to distinguish four more spesific sub-goals of this endeavour: elegant description, cognitively realistic description, system-external explanation and a restrictibe architecture for description.

 

Morphemes

Morpheme is the minimal meaningful unit in language.

The kinds of morphemes:

1. FREE MORPHEME (INDEPENDENT WORD)

Is a word that cannot be broken down into smaller units.

Ex; water, happy, tree.

Free morphemes have 2 categories:

1)      Lexical Morpheme

-          Referred also can as ‘open class’ because we can add morphemes to these words.

-          These are verbs, nouns, and adjectives.

2)      Functional Morpheme

-          Words that do not have clear meaning but has grammatical functions.

-          These are conjunctions, prepositions, articles, auxiliaries, and pronouns.

-          Referred also ‘closed class’ because it cannot be added to other morphemes.

 

 

2. BOUND MORPHEME

Is a part of another world, they cannot stand alone, but must be connected to another word. These are AFFIXES that must be attached to the word.

The kinds of AFFIXES:

-          Prefixes     : unclean

-          Infix          : nowadays

-          Suffix        : adjustment

Bound morphemes have also 2 categories :

1)      Derivational Morpheme

-          Changes the part of speech of the word when added to the free morpheme but there are some exceptions.

-          Changes the meaning word.

Example:

Happy + ness = happiness

Do + un = undo

Perfect + ly = perfectly

2)      Inflectional Morpheme

-          Morphemes that are used to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word

Example:

Boy’s         boy s

Cleaned     cleaning           cleans

Token        simplest

Heavier

*List of Inflectional Morpheme

In english have 8 Inflectional Morphemes.

-          Noun – possessive noun (‘s), Plural form (s).

-          Verb – 3rd person singular (s), Progressive verb (-ing), Past tense (-ed), Past participle (-en).

-          Adjective – Comparative (-er), Superlative (-est).

3)      Contractible Morphemes

-          These are auxiliary modals such as will, shall, have, had and would.

-          These can be contracted in formal style of language.

Example:

I will – I’ll

                They had – They’d

                *Root and Stem

                - Root words are the basic part of a word that carries meaning.

                - Stem is when a root morpheme is combined with affix morpheme.

                Example:

                                Root : teach

                                Affix: -er

                                Stem: teacher