Resume Kelompok 4

 

Morphology

Morphology is the study of how they are put together from smaller parts. To convey meaning, sounds are combined into words. But in fact, words are not the smallest unit of meaning. Many words are made of smaller units of meaning, and these units are combined in particular ways, forming words.

Example:

Sentence

The police reopened the investigation

Word

(The) (police) (reopened) (the) (investigation)

Morphemes

(re-) (open) (-ed)

 

Morpheme

Morpheme is the smallest unit of a word with meaning, or word parts can be arranged in a language.

 

Class of Morphemes

FREE

A simple word which can stand alone as an independent word, consisting of one morpheme e.g. house, work, high, chair, wrap. It cannot be broken down into smaller units and they carry meaning.

 

BOUND

Occurs only when attached to another morpheme to receive meaning. Example: the word reprinted consists of three morphemes: print (Free) and re and –ed (Bound)

 

 

Derivation

Derivation is the most common word-formation process to be found in the production of new English words. Derivation forms a word with meaning and/or category distinct from that of its base through the addition of an affix. There are prefixes (added to the beginning of a stem) or suffixes (added to the end of a stem). Some common prefixes in English are re-, dis-, in-, pre-, post, and sub. And common suffixes; -ly, -ness, -er, -ity, -ation, -ful, -able, and –al.

 

Compounding

Another common way to build words in English involves compounding, the combination of lexical categories (nouns adjectives, verbs, or prepositions). In other words, compound is two or more existing words are put together to create a new word such as blackboard, expressway, and air-conditioner. The resulting of compound word is a noun, a verb, or an adjective. Compound preposition includes into and onto. Most of compound words, the final component determines the category of the entire word.

Can you think of other examples of English compound? Recent compound include moonshot, waterbed, upfront, color-code, computerlike, bookcase, fingerprint, textbook, wallpaper, wastebasket, waterbed. All these examples are nouns, but we can also create compound adjectives {good-looking, low-paid} and compound of adjective (fast) plus noun (food) as in a fast-food restaurant or a full-time job.

 

Acronym

Acronyms are new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words. In other words, acronyms, are formed by taking the initial sounds (or letters) of the words of a words of a phrase and uniting them into a combination which is itself pronounceable as a separate word. More typically, acronyms are pronounced as new single words, such as:

NATO : Noth Atlantic Treaty Organization

NASA : National Aeronautics and Space Administration

AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

PIN : Personal Identification Number

 

Back Formation

Back formation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or supposed affix from another word in the language. Resurrect was originally formed in this way from resurrection. Other backformations in English include enthuse from enthusiasm, donate from donation, orient from orientate from orientation, and self-destruct from self-destruction.

Example:

Creation : create : : donation : X

The verb donate was formed on the basis of pairs like creation – create.

 

Blending

Blending are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already existing items. As in the following examples, a blend is a combination of the parts of two words, usually the beginning of the one world and the end of the second one.

Example:

·         Smog ß smoke and fog

·         Brunch ß breakfast and lunch

·         Telecast ß television and broadcast

·         Aerobicise ß aerobics and exercise

 

Clipping

Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables. Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students, where it has yielded froms like:

Example:

·         Prof for Professor,

·         Burger for Hamburger,

·         Zoo for Zoological,

·         Fax for Faxsimile.