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SYNTAXIS

 

The Definition of Syntaxis

Syntaxis is oe of branch of Linguistic that learn more in depth about Word, Phrase, Clause and Sentence.

“Sintaksis adalah bagian atau cabang ilmu bahasa yang membicarakan seluk beluk wacana, kalimat, klausa, dan frasa.” – Ramlan (2009, hlm. 1)

Syntaxis word is came from Greek, a verbal noun that literally means “arrangement” or “setting out together” so from etimologically we can conclude that syntaxis mean arrange the set of the word or sentence. The word syntaxis too is an absorption from Dutch syntaxis or syntax in English.

 

Pengertian Sintaksis menurut para Ahli

Carnie (2007) “Studies of level of language that lies between words and the meaning of utterance: sentence.”

Hocket (1958) “Sintaksis adalah proses perangkaian kata menjadi susunan gramatikal yang membentuk ujaran.”

Abdul Chaer (2015) Sintaksis adalah cabang linguistik yang menyelidiki satuan – satuan kata

Manaf (2009) “Sintaksis adalah cabang linguistik yang membahas struktur internal kalimat. Struktur internal kalimat yang dibahas adalah rasa, klausa, dan kalimat.”

 

Syntaxis Object

Phrase, phrase is a group of a word that don’t have predicate (P).

Clause, clause is a set of one syntaxis or more that have predicate in it.

Sentence, sentence is a speech that express their mind their expression deep from their heart and soul.

Syntaxis Function

Syntaxis’ Function include: Subject, Object, Predicate, Determiner, Adverb.

Subject Function Characteristic

·         Answer what or who dapat didahului oleh kata bahwa,

·         Can be noun or noun phrase (nomina)

·         Can be included word this or that,

·         Can be accompained by a delimiter,

·         Not preceded by prepositions in, on, to, for, etc.,

·         Cannot be denied by saying no, but can be denied by saying can’t.

 

Predicate

Predicates are elements that discuss or explain the subject of the sentence or subject. The predicate is marked using a large p (P).

Predicate Characteristic

·         Part of the sentence that explains the subject of the sentence,

·         In regular stacking sentences, the predicate is directly behind the subject,

·         Predicates are generally filled with verbs or verb phrases,

·         In regular sentences (S – P) the predicate has a lower tune,

·         The predicate is a sentence element that gets the practicle,

·         The predicate can be an answer to the question what is done (main sentence) or how (main sentence).

 

Object

The object is something that is subject to action by the subject.

Object Character

·         Formed with nomina or phrase nomina,

·         Is directly behind the predicate transitive verb,

·         Objects can replace the position of the subject when the active transitive sentence is activated, such as: Intan reading a book becomes Intan read a book.

 

Determiner

Determiner is a sentence element that serves to complement information, specialize objects, or complete sentence structure.

Characteristic

·         Its presence is demanded by an active predicate which is filled with the verb which is attached to the prefix ber and the passive predicate which is filled by the verb which is attached to the prefix,

·         Complement is a sentence function whose presence is demanded by the two transitive verb as the filler of the predicate

·         Determiner is a sentence element whose presence follows the predicate filled by the verb is, and becomes.

 

Adverb

Description (Adv) is a sentence element that provides an explanation (time, place, etc.) in the sentence.

Adverb Characteristic

·         Generally it is a supplementary or non-mandatory element in a sentence,

·         Adverbs can change places without destroying the structure and meaning of the sentence,

·         The description is filled with adverbs, adjectives, adverbial phrases, adjective phrases, and bound clauses.

 

Syntaxis Category

            1. Verba (kata kerja)

            2. Nomina (kata benda)

            3. Adjective (kata sifat)

            4. Adverb (kata keterangan)

 

Syntaxis Role

Syntax role is a particular semantic meaning that fills the syntactic function.

This role includes semantic meanings, namely: active, passive, stative, possesive, actor, receiver, and others. An example is how syntax differentiates active and passive voice.